By Kathy Schiffer
Has Christ Divided Us?
That's the theme for the 2014 Week of Prayer for Christian Unity, January 18-25, the Octave of Sts. Peter and Paul. Drawn from 1 Corinthians 1:13, the week is intended to draw believers toward the fulfillment of Jesus' prayer at the Last Supper "that they all may be one."
But as we look around, it's clear that Christ's prayer has not been fulfilled: According to Wikipedia, there are now 41,000 Christian denominations.
WHAT WENT WRONG?
THAT THEY MAY ALL BE ONE:
FROM THE REFORMATION TO CHRISTIAN UNITY
I
pray not only for them, but also for those who will believe in me
through their word, so that they may all be one, as you, Father, are in
me and I in you, that they also may be in us, that the world may believe
that you sent me.
And I have
given them the glory you gave me, so that they may be one, as we are
one, I in them and you in me, that they may be brought to perfection as
one, that the world may know that you sent me, and that you loved them
even as you loved me.
–John 17:20-23
In sixteenth century Germany, an Augustinian friar by the name of Martin Luther
became concerned about things he saw happening in the Church. He saw
some priests, even some bishops, who were engaged in practices which he
considered to be wrong—particularly the sale of indulgences.
And there was, indeed, a moral problem at the time:
Corruption had crept into the Church. Pope Leo X had authorized the sale
of special “jubilee indulgences” in the cities and principalities of
Germany. The indulgences were plenary, meaning that for those who
purchased them, all sin and eternal and temporal punishment would be
forgiven. Half of the money raised from the sale of indulgences would be
used to finance the building of St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome; the other
half would be used by the archbishop of Mainz to pay off a loan.
Luther drafted a series of ninety-five statements in
Latin—offering his reflections on indulgences, good works, repentance
and other topics. The Castle Church in Wittenberg faced the main
thoroughfare, and the heavy church door served as a public bulletin
board, a place for posting important notices. So it was that on October
31, 1517, Martin Luther nailed his list of “Ninety-Five Theses” to the
door of the Castle Church.
UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES - THE SPLITTING OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH
Luther had hoped that his Theses would initiate an academic discussion—not serve as the agenda for a major reform of the Catholic Church.
However, within weeks the Theses were translated into German, then
reproduced using the new moveable-type printing press. They were widely
circulated through Germany, and soon became a topic for discussion
through all of Europe. Three years later, amid the international
attention, Luther was excommunicated by the pope and declared a heretic
and outlaw. The Reformation had begun.
Just as Martin Luther did not anticipate the huge response
his Ninety-Five Theses would receive, he did not foresee the further
splintering of Protestantism into some 38,000 Christian denominations
(the number reported in the
Atlas of World Christianity,
published in 2010). If, as Luther’s movement proposed, there is no
authority vested in the Church, then there is no reason not to break off
and begin a new movement within Christianity; and in less than 500
years, the result has been the splintering of Christ’s Church into ever
more movements and denominations. It is a great scandal that Christ’s
high priestly prayer to the Father—that we may be one in order that the
world will see—has been thwarted.
THE WEEK OF PRAYER FOR CHRISTIAN UNITY: REVERSING THE TREND TOWARD DIVISION
In 1908 Father Paul Wattson, founder of an Anglican
religious community which later became part of the Catholic Church,
established a “Week of Prayer for Christian Unity”–a week to pray with
our Christian brothers and sisters of other denominations, and to
celebrate those areas where we find common ground. His initiative
received the blessing of Pope St. Pius X and was later promoted by Pope
Benedict XV, who encouraged its celebration throughout the Catholic
Church.
The Second Vatican Council reaffirmed the importance of this quest for unity among followers of Jesus Christ.
Each year the theme of the week is chosen by an ecumenical group
representing a different region of the world. This year’s theme, “All
shall be changed by the victory of Jesus Christ our Lord,” was selected
by the Churches of French Canada. It is drawn from the First Letter of St. Paul to the
Corinthians.
Wednesday, January 18 began the 2012 Week of Prayer for Christian Unity.
Pope Benedict XVI, addressing more than 8,000 pilgrims at the Angelus
address in St. Peter’s Square on January 22, called the quest for
Christian unity “a common response to the spiritual hunger of our
times.” He acknowledged that the division within the community of
believers is a great challenge for new evangelization, which may be more
fruitful if all Christians proclaim together the truth of the Gospel of
Jesus Christ and give a joint response to the spiritual hunger of our
times.
Pope Francis, at his weekly General Audience on January 22, spoke about the scandal of division.
The
English-language synthesis, read out after the main reflection
delivered by Pope Francis in Italian, said,
We know that Christ has not
been divided; yet we must sincerely recognize that our communities
continue to experience divisions which are a source of scandal and
weaken our witness to the Gospel.
In reproaching the
Corinthians for their divisions, Paul reminds them to rejoice in the
great spiritual gifts which they have received. His words encourage us
to rejoice in the gifts God has given to other Christians, gifts which
we can receive from them for our enrichment. To be able to do this
calls for humility, discernment and constant conversion.